An Ontological Approach to Inform HMI Designs for Minimizing Driver Distractions with ADAS

ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) are in-vehicle systems designed to enhance driving safety and efficiency as well as comfort for drivers in the driving process. Recent studies have noticed that when Human Machine Interface (HMI) is not designed properly, an ADAS can cause distraction which would affect its usage and even lead to safety issues. Current understanding of these issues is limited to the context-dependent nature of such systems. This paper reports the development of a holistic conceptualisation of how drivers interact with ADAS and how such interaction could lead to potential distraction. This is done taking an ontological approach to contextualise the potential distraction, driving tasks and user interactions centred on the use of ADAS. Example scenarios are also given to demonstrate how the developed ontology can be used to deduce rules for identifying distraction from ADAS and informing future designs

Culture, diversity, and global health: challenges and opportunities

In an increasingly globalized world, we continue to face dramatic health disparities that impact adversely on Indigenous, migrant and refugee populations as well as other minority ethnic populations in most of the countries of the world. Culture plays an important role in how people experience health and illness, and how they access and experience healthcare. It impacts on the healthcare professionals as well as on their patients and the communities, modifying the healing relationship and presenting both barriers and opportunities for better health outcomes. This chapter will explore some of the key ways in which this happens with a view to highlight the opportunities that they represent. These include issues such as how the aetiology of disease is perceived, health-seeking behaviour, issues of racism, stigma and discrimination, as well as the impacts of stress, coping and resilience. Finally, this chapters presents specific suggestions for improved healthcare systems that are more inclusive and that work towards more equitable health outcomes for culturally diverse communities